The Similarities Between Hotmail and Mozilla Essay

The Similarities Between Hotmail and Mozilla - Essay Example As far as the similarities between Hotmail and Mozilla Thunderbird are concerned, they are quite few in number as Hotmail leads Mozilla in the market for an email client. First, both Hotmail and Mozilla Thunderbird are supported by 36 languages. These are two of the very few email clients that are offered in so many languages. Also, both Hotmail and Mozilla Thunderbird have themes which give users the power to control the appearance of the respective accounts. Furthermore, both are supported on multiple operating systems and both support POP3 and IMAP4 protocol. When we contrast Hotmail and Mozilla Thunderbird, we find out that the number of Hotmail users is too many when compared to Mozilla Thunderbird. Part of the reason for this is the earlier launch of Hotmail. Furthermore, Hotmail has more features than Mozilla Thunderbird. Examples could include integration with different programs such as MSN Messenger. This is a service whereby users can see which of their friends are online w hile logged in to their Hotmail accounts. Furthermore, Hotmail also has an audio player to play audio files and it also includes a spell checker. One of the most exciting features about Thunderbird is the fact that it allows users to view email messages from other email clients such as Hotmail, Yahoo, and Gmail etc. POP stands for Post Office Protocol. The addition of the number 3 indicates the third version, which is also the latest. POP3 is a standard internet protocol that helps to retrieve an email message. On the other hand, IMAP stands for Internet Message Access Protocol. The number 4 in front of the symbol ‘IMAP’ indicates the fourth version.

Huber v. Wal-mart stores, Inc Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Huber v. Wal-mart stores, Inc - Research Paper Example Also, the purpose of ADA is to ensure that disabled employees do not lose out on opportunities due to their disability. Disabled employees are to be treated at par with other employees of the organization and in no way be discriminated due to the disability (Moy, 2000). Therefore, ADA is not to be used to create an unfair advantage for an employee with disability. In the current context, Huber’s argument is creating an unfair advantage and violating the non-discrimination policy of Wal-Mart. If Huber is directly reassigned to the router position, then it would be unfair to other employees in the organization who are better suited for the job. Therefore, Wal-Mart was not required to directly reassign Huber to the router position but was required to give an opportunity to compete equally with other participants. Hence, Wal-Mart adopted objective criteria approach to fill in the position. All employees were given an equal opportunity as per their non-discrimination policy. As there was a more qualified employee who better suit the job than Huber, Huber was reassigned elsewhere. This action would fall under reasonable accommodation and in no way does injustice to Huber. Yes, this case represents a clear win for the employer. It is clearly established that ADA does not demand an employer to reassign an employee just on the basis of disability. It only demands an employer to treat an employee with disability equally and at par with other employees. It demands the employer to ensure that the employee with disability continues working for the employer in the best suited position. Therefore, it is a clear win for the employer in this case. An employer must ensure that under all circumstances, an employee with disability must be given reasonable accommodation and should be treated at par with other employees. There is no need to create special circumstances to accommodate the disabled employee but must accommodate the employee in the best possible

Parle G Becoming The Largest Selling Biscuit Brand Marketing Essay

Parle G Becoming The Largest Selling Biscuit Brand Marketing Essay FOR a change, the Mumbai-based makers of the largest selling brand of glucose biscuits, Parle Products, want to be in the limelight. The reason being that for the first time, the low-profile company wants to fulfil its consumers dreams through its Parle-G My Dream Come True contest its biggest promotion till date. Setting aside a budget of almost Rs 2.5 crore for this contest alone, more than enforcing sales, the Parle-G brand is reinforcing its leadership position in the biscuit market while giving contestants a chance to fulfil their dreams. States Pravin Kulkarni, Marketing Manager, Parle Products Pvt. Ltd, We want to give children a platform to fulfil their dreams. After all, dreaming is synonymous with the brand values of Parle-G, which brings about all-round development to achieve their dreams. The promotion is the largest of its kind and gives contestants the opportunity to win whatever they dream of in contrast to the traditional promos where prizes are fixed. This contest has only first prizes and these prizes are defined as per the childs dream. Launched in 1939, the more than 50-year-old brand of Parle-G is Indias first glucose biscuit to be introduced from the House of Parle. With a dominant volume share in the glucose biscuit market, Parle-G is pegged as the largest-selling biscuit brand in the world, making up almost 80 per cent of Parle Products turnover of Rs 1,300 crore. The family-run business operating out of the western suburb of Vile Parle in Mumbai has always adopted the philosophy of being low key with an endeavour to give value for money. This biscuit and confectionery major has in fact not bothered to raise the price of its flagship brand for the past six years and has always tried to provide its offerings at nearly 33 per cent discount to competitive brands. While the high profile Britannia Industries has been busy stretching its portfolio of brands with more premium offerings, Parle Products has never felt the need to be wary of competition. It has been enjoying a `far too comfortable position in the biscuit market, especially in the largest segment of glucose, with its Parle-G brand. Today it wants to stay primarily focussed on its oldest biscuit brands, Parle-G, Monaco and Krackjack, and is intentionally staying away from the premium end of the Rs 2.400-crore market. Considering Parle-G has already topped charts worldwide as revealed by the US-based Bakery Manufacturers Association, there seems to be no apparent need for concern. But there is, since Britannia has priced its offerings on par with Parle, especially with respect to the latters three main brands (Parle-G, Monaco and Krackjack). Closing the gap in market share is thus an imminent possibility. While Parle-G may be leading in the glucose category with a 65 per cent volume share, Tiger (Britannias Glucose brand) is trailing at 23 per cent volume share, as per ORG-MARG. The difference in share between Monaco and Snax is also substantial but Krackjack and 50:50 are on par both in terms of pricing as well as shares. Thus Parle is not really expected to sit still. Apart from becoming more visible and adding value to the imagery of its flagship brand through its recently launched all-India contest, it continues to look at all brands within its portfolio either with intentions of adding more SKUs and variants or even launching new offerings and pruning away some unfeasible brands. Thus, the focus is on consolidation of its biscuits and confectionery business in terms of adding more variants and SKUs to its heritage brands rather than looking into allied areas to get added growth. Besides, Parles internal research reveals that the biscuit market has graduated from the core glucose and Marie offerings to more value-added variants and that this applies to the rural markets as well. Another finding revealed that packaging played a crucial role in both biscuits and confectionery, with regard to the acceptance of any brand. Meanwhile, riding on properties such as chess championships and cricket trophies, the Parle-G brand has been sponsoring sports events in these areas propagating its values of mental and physical health. In the recent past, the brands positioning has moved to `tasty healthy food from nutrition and energy. It has also changed its packaging from the staid wax paper wrapper to a more plastic and contemporary cover for its glucose brand. Today Parle is exploring more variants for its flagship brand, especially popular flavours such as chocolate, with more price points and SKUs (it already has eight) ranging from its glucose biscuit brand between Re 1 for 25 gm and Rs 37 for one kg. For the company, it makes sense to stretch the franchise of its mass brand than that of premium brands such as Hide Seek. The limited volumes gathered from its premium range of Hide Seek have made Parle put its variants on hold. States Daphne Nair, Brand Manager, Parle Products, There are not many takers at the premium points, especially for niche variants like mint. We have thus decided to hold back the flavours of Hide Seek and limit it to a chocolate cookie. Launched in 1998, Hide Seek was Parles foray into the premium biscuit market with offerings in chocolate, orange, coffee and mint. Moving away from its earlier baseline, `Game with taste buds, its new message is `Best of both worlds. Today Parle believes in delivering both taste and health through its chocolate and biscuit offering through Hide Seek. Adds B. P. Aggarwal, Managing Director, Surya Foods, manufacturer of the Priya Gold brand of biscuits, Hide Seek has failed to make an impact. However, its glucose brand of Parle-G continues to rule the market. In fact, it is Britannia which is expected to have a greater value share among biscuits due to its premium offerings and continues to hold a dominant position in the Rs 35-crore, 2,000 tonnes per annum premium biscuit market while Parle reigns over the popular biscuit market with its flagship brand, Parle-G. Says Jagdeep Kapoor, Managing Director, Samsika Marketing Consultants, Both the companies rule the biscuit market. Between them one has a stronghold on the popular market and the other, on the premium. Once in a while they do tend to move into each others territories but on the whole they continue to mutually respect each other. Comparisons between brands can, however, be drawn directly between these two biscuit majors. For instance, its sweet and salty biscuit of Krackjack is comparable to Britannias 50:50 and comes as the second largest volume brand in Parles biscuits portfolio. It is followed by another of its heritage brands, its salty biscuit, Monaco, which has stretched to include flavours like cheese,  jeera, methi  and onion in the past and can be compared to Britannias Maska Chaska, a variant of 50:50, which has also come up with spicy herbal toppings. Meanwhile, there are certain changes happening within Parles portfolio. Its more salty offering of the Nimkin brand of biscuits, which is present in the East, is preparing for a national roll-out while its cream biscuit brand (Fun Centre) will add more flavours to the current chocolate, orange, pineapple and  elaichi  with more SKUs catering to family packs. Besides, there will be extensions among its  namkeen  offerings of cheeselings, Jeffs and Sixer to include more products to the portfolio. Within its confectionery portfolio, Parle has pegged its toffee brands such as Kismi, Lux, Dairy and Mayfair at the 25 paise price point. However, it expects the 50 paise price point to be more viable. It already has a host of hard-boiled confectionery brands operating in that segment including the likes of Mango Bite, Tangy and Pick n Pack. This segment is expected to be a focus area for the company. Explains Nair, Although the 25 paise segment is the biggest potential segment, most of the bigger companies cannot cover their overheads. The 50 paise segment is the most viable followed by the Re 1 price point. A new toffee brand of Cafechino has just been launched at Re 1 down South while it has stretched the franchise of its Mango Bite to a juicy centre-filled offering at the same price point. Confectionery brands in the rolls category include another heritage brand, Poppins, which was relaunched two years ago with new flavours and packaging while Rol.a.Cola is on the threshold of a similar exercise. However, confectionery is not really a thrust area for the company now and contributes only 15 per cent to the turnover, although the business is nearly as old as its biscuits, having been launched way back in 1929. While core brands in the glucose and Marie category comprise the bulk (65 per cent) of the biscuit market, the higher growth rates of 10-12 per cent seem to be coming from the non-core segments. Explains Nair, There is magnified value growth due to the higher margins in the non-core biscuit category. Pegging growth rate for the core biscuit market between seven and 10 per cent, the glucose biscuit category in India is now estimated at Rs 1,500 crore. There is no dislodging Parle-G in its segment. Industry observers mainly attribute it to its well-entrenched distribution (the company covers 12-15 lakh outlets across the country) which can beat any new player wanting to make an entry. In any case, the volumes are expected to come from this segment alone with the others (the non-core segments) such as the salty and cream biscuits commanding meagre volumes between three and four per cent of the entire biscuit category, according to the company. The Marie segment, however, seems to register higher volumes of 12-13 per cent while the sweet and salty category registers a nine per cent volume in the market. Considering India is supposed to be the worlds second largest biscuit industry (after China), in the past, several MNCs tried entering the biscuit segment but failed due to the existence of unorganised players in the popular segment of the market. According to the Federation of Biscuit Manufacturers, the per capita consumption in India is about 1.2 kg per annum, compared to 15 kg per annum in developed countries. Now there are more players preparing to set up shop including the likes of United Biscuits and Nestle (which has increased its stake in Excelsia Foods). But such players will have to tackle Britannia in the premium market. Competing with Parle will never be easy in the popular biscuit market in India, especially now that it has taken the onus of fulfilling its consumers dreams.

A Little Thinking Music :: Biology Essays Research Papers

A Little Thinking Music "Words are the pen of the heart, but music is the pen of the soul" said Shneur Zalman. "Ain't it funny how a melody brings back memories/takes you to another place and time/completely changes your state of mind" croons the old country ballad. "Give me the beat boys and free my soul, I wanna get lost in your rock and roll and drift away" says the classic blues song. We are a species obsessed with these compositions of sound and rhythm. We call it the universal language and provide it the role of conveying our emotions without the restrictions of a linguistic system, we say that it has the ability to trigger memories and change moods. Why do our brains react so powerfully to music? How do we process it and what purpose does it serve? These are some of the questions I set out to answer in my little musical odyssey. When you hear a piece of music, the ear converts the sound waves into vibrations in specific parts of the inner and middle ear. These vibrations are then translated into action potentials that travel through the eighth cranial nerve to the brain stem, the thalamus, and the auditory cortex (1). It seems that the brain takes a song and translates it into it's own neurosymphony-sending electrical impulses to various parts of your brain. These varying patterns of impulses generate thoughts, feelings, and emotions (3) . It sounds almost as though we store various different patterns of these impulses in our brains and when the same pattern of sounds matches a pattern of impulses, it triggers a set of images. The interesting thing is that the same set of frequencies or pattern of impulses generates different images for different people. For instance, when I hear the Beatles' Yellow Submarine, I think of Mr. C, my fifth grade teacher, his old record player, and rock and roll Tuesdays. When m y roommate's brain registers the same pattern of impulses, it brings up the memory of her family's tan colored Volkswagen Rabbit. When I hear Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata, I hear raindrops and soft footsteps, while another person might hear rays of light falling on water. We all have distinct visions of the same pattern of sounds. Neurobiologists, like Harvard's Mark Tramo, have yet to figure out exactly how this comes about (3) . Music is one thing that stimulates and utilizes most parts of the brain (2).

Balance of power: East African Region

The last half of the nineteenth century saw most of the African countries gaining political independence. However, their united voice in the fight against colonialists seemed to last only for as long as the colonial powers was still in charge of the continents political affairs. In East Africa, the three major partners: Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda adopted differing policies in terms of land, public investments strategies and political approaches. The policies symbolized the emergence of divergent post-independence national approaches.The result was each nation taking different paths aimed at promoting its strength regionally. However, not all the strategies were intended to result into taking of differing directions by the nations but rather some had unintended consequences. This paper will look at the East African region’s balance of power strategies and politics as from 1970’s to the modern day. The East Africa region emerging from years of war, civil strife and violen ce currently offers fresh grounds for interplay of power games and intrigues. Each country is increasingly seeking to assert its position as the regions strength.This is unlike other world regions where power intrigues have reached climax and relevant alliances formed against or for in a bid secure the relevant states positions. For instance, in the United States region the U. S has asserted its authority and countries in fear of it have had to positively align themselves and the resentful ones like Cuba have undertaken a negative alignment. However, the question as to who wields the power balance in their favor is no longer an issue. The same cannot be said of the East African region.The region is currently in a race for minerals exploration and policy formulation aimed at consolidating each nation’s position. Even as its nations head towards an economic integration, they cannot help but treat each other with caution and more so Kenya which is considered economically advanta ged. This makes it a rich ground for analysis of the power issues. The East African region has seen substantial and profoundly unmistakable changes in terms of strategic frameworks. These transformations dating back to the colonial days have had the effect of shaping up the power balance in the region.The most profound transformation aimed at balance of power was the fall of the East African Community in 1977. This was a result of each nation’s diverse approach to consolidate its positions of strength in the region. Kenya apparently based on its economic strength demanded to be awarded more seats in the regions decisions making organs, Idi Amin adopted dictatorship and expansionist ideas that threatened the regions stability and balance, while Tanzania undertook a more socialist approach unlike Kenya’s capitalist.Uganda’s Idi Amin was often viewed as militant as he not only ruled dictatorially, but also made attempts at expanding his regional power militantly. F or instance, is his 1978 attempt at annexing part of northern Tanzania formally Kagera. The result was constant tension between the states. Tanzania on the other hand often viewed Kenya as being an economic predatory nation more so regarding its material and human resources and hence embarked on policies aimed at locking out its population from taking over the countries investment opportunities and professional market.Generally, they embarked on protectionist policies against a nation they believed had the potential of sucking up its market and in one instance considered joining the Southern Economic Block. Kenya on the other hand, contrary to its neighbors disregarded the idealistic socialistic block then that would have had severe economic, social as well political consequences given its years of British linkage. In balancing its position, Kenya opted to adopt a wait and see policy in positioning itself on international issues.In general, Kenya opted to take non-aligned positions that would neither peach it alongside the west or the East’s rivalry at the time. Basically, the Kenyan policies aimed at protection of its integrity territorially, securing its economic as well as political structures but most importantly sustain its unique East African economic status. Kenya as a country has had to reckon with the challenges faced by its neighbors that have continuously threatened its economic stability in the region.The death of president, Kenyatta in 1978 came at a time when the Somalia- Ethiopian war was still on, Uganda was making attempts at annexing Kagera area of Tanzania. The then vice president, then took over powered and declared ‘Nyayoism’ often translated to mean following in the footsteps of the preceding president Kenyatta. Just like his predecessor, Moi adopted a neutral approach towards its neighbor’s conflicts and in stead focused on consolidating the countries position of power in the region. The re-emergence of the Eas t African Union saw Rwanda and Burundi join the bandwagon.While Somalia, Ethiopia and Sudan are not part of the East African Union, they have often been considered as part of East Africa geographically. Consequently their activities have an effect on the political balance in the region. The race for a balance of power has thus increased in the recent past with Kenya dominance increasingly being threatened. Rwanda emerging from a gristly genocide has in the recent past embarked on policies that are attractive to the investors hence its recent ranking as having the best rate of project execution in East Africa and the leading regions investment destination.Its IT system is only rivaled by Kenya’s. Worth mentioning are also its new airports and radar systems bearing high sophistication. This advancement has often been cited as threatening to Kenya’s position as the economic hub in the region. Ethiopia’s infrastructural expansion has also been cited as meant to chal lenge Kenya’s position in the region. However, in reaction to this Kenya has currently embarked on a massive infrastructural expansion with roads being built more significantly in Nairobi and its environs.Kenya is also undertaking enormous expansion of its main airport while the Kisumu airport is undergoing upgrading to an international status. While Tanzania has been unable to do much with its mineral rich resources to strengthen its position of power in the region, the same cannot be said about Uganda which has re-emerged strongly from dictatorship under Idi Amin. Its recent striking of oil has seen Kenya vehemently embarking on the search of the same in a bid to ensure that it is not overtaken by Uganda.Additionally, Uganda has often been viewed as being militant and bearing expansionist ideals with its recent attempts being the attempts to acquire Migingo islands which allegedly belong to its neighbor, Kenya. Analysts have been quick to argue that this could be attempts b y Uganda to test Kenya’s ability to respond to external threat. However, Kenya’s diplomatic approach to issues still leaves its neighbors wondering its standing militarily though bearing in mind that it probably still holds the regions military as well as economic power.However, the recent striking of huge uranium deposits by Tanzania is likewise making the race for position of power in the region more complicated. The general summary of all these boils down to a race fro the regions economic leadership which is often accompanied by military leadership. Probably the realization of the common market has even catalyzed the race more as each country sees prospects of expanded markets for its produce. However, the milestone made by Kenya is still unrivalled and the expansion of the market would probably see professional services exportation from it.This is a position that all indications show that Kenya is not yet ready to relinquish as witnessed by its heavy investment in oil exploration as well as other minerals. Recent reports indicate that Kenya has struck uranium too and is likewise close to striking oil. In terms of policies, the East African countries have often treated each other with caution more especially the other countries viewing of Kenya which has often been cited as being at an economic point of advantage. This has seen various regions countries employing protectionist policies against Kenyans who are considered aggressive economically.Kenya has also embarked on key foreign relation aimed at securing its positions against the external threats from countries like Somalia which are constantly posing the threat by Al shaabab and piracy which has greatly affected the regions trade. Piracy has led to the Kenyan government having to review its policy on money laundering which could negatively affect the economy. This is due to the belief that the money collected in terms of Ransom is being laundered to the Kenyan market. This has arisen fro m the recent large unaccounted for balances announced by the Central Bank of Kenya.In conclusion it’s worth mentioning that despite Kenya’s dominance in the region, its position is increasingly being threatened as most of the regional players attempt to shift the balance of power in their favor. The region however, remains under siege more so regarding the increasing violence in Somalia, and Sudan. Some analysts have argued that the race for economic power in the region could live it far ahead of other regions in Africa in the near future. Paper break down This paper considers the East African geographical region in respect the period immediately after independence, early 1970’s to the modern period.Its appropriateness for study is based on the fact that it is currently re-emerging from a period of wars, civil strife and other forms of unrest that rocked it immediately after independence. These include the Uganda’s dictatorship under Idi Amin, Ethiopia an d Somali wars, civil strife in Sudan and most memorable Rwandan Genocide. Out of this has come the increased realization of the regions potential and hence a race for economic power position to outdo Kenya which has remained relatively calm save for the recent 2008 post-election violence.The region that has lot of current power plays to offer. The regions balance of power dynamics is depicted b the power balance plays as a result of the regions volatility and the diverse nature of policies outlined by individual states to consolidate their positions within the region. the countries in the region themselves face power shift dynamics either as a result of war or politics some thing that makes the region unique and possess two level of power balance dynamics namely; regional and national level dynamics.The proposed hypothesis then can revolve around whether or not power parity can be a recipe for peace in the region which more effort being shifted towards attaining power equilibrium ra ther that engagement in conflicts. However, the balance of power may be threatened by the interstate protectionist views held by the member states towards each other and more so those considered economically strong. The paper thus takes an overall look into the region as an emerging field for power play in search of economic superiority citing various statesmen and women who have had a role in the situation.Works Cited Aluanga, L. â€Å"The trouble with Kenyan Boarders† The East African Standard, 10/05/2009, 12 Onyango, C. O. Race to unseat Kenya from regions leadership, The East African 40(5) 2010:16, Oyugi, O. W. (2004) Politics and administration in East Africa, Nairobi; East African Educational Publishers, 2004, 313-319 Potholm, C. P. & Fredland, R. A. â€Å"Integration and disintegration in East Africa† Washington, D. C. : University Press of America, 1980 Segal, A. â€Å"The politics of land in East Africa,† Comparative Series, East African Journal, 1(287) 2007:1-22

Jean Piagets Theory Essay

Piaget’s theory is based on stages, whereby each stage represents a qualitatively different type of thinking. Children in stage one cannot think the same as children in stage 2, 3 or 4 etc. Transitions from one stage to another are generally very fast, and the stages always follow an invariant sequence. Another important characteristic of his stage theory is that they are universal; the stages will work for everyone in the world regardless of their differences (except their age, of course, which is what the stages are based on!) Piaget acknowledged that there is an interaction between a child and the environment, and this is a focal point for his theory. He believed a child cannot learn unless they are constantly interacting with their environment, making mistakes and then learning from them. He defined children as â€Å"lone scientists†; he did not identify any need for teachers or adults in cognitive development. Children have all the cognitive mechanisms to learn on their own, and the interaction with their environment allows them to do so. To put this in perspective, another theory by Lev Vygotsky suggested that the interaction is not important at all; the child will learn when encouraged to with an adult’s assistance. I will be explaining then contrasting Vygotsky’s theory to Piaget’s in my next post – so be sure to check back for that! With the background of his theory explained, let’s look at – The Key Concepts of Piaget’s theory: Before explaining the main part of Piaget’s theory (the four stages), it’s very important to look at some of the underlying principles behind it. Rather than write a stupidly long paragraph explaining it all, I will write the key terms in bold, then explain them in bullet points – just to keep things simple! †¢Schema (pl. Schemata, although some say â€Å"Schemas† for the plural) Possibly one of the most important concepts put forward by Piaget, Schemata help individuals understand the world they inhabit. They are cognitive structures that represent a certain aspect of the world, and can be seen as categories which have certain pre-conceived ideas in them. For example, my schema for Christmas includes: Christmas trees, presents, giving, money, green, red, gold, winter, Santa Claus etc. Someone else may have an entirely different schema, such as Jesus, birth, Church, holiday, Christianity etc. Of course, there are schemata for all kinds of things – yourself (self schemata), other people (people schemata), events/situations (event schemata) and roles/occupations (role schemata). With regards to Piaget’s theory, a child might have a pre-conceived schema for a dog. If the household has a small West Highland White Terrier as a dog, the schema might be â€Å"small, furry, four legs, white†. When the child interacts with a new dog – perhaps a Labrador, it will change to incorporate the new information, such as â€Å"big, golden, smooth etc.† This is known as: †¢Assimilation Simply the process of incorporating new information into a pre-existing schema. So with the â€Å"dog† example, the child assimilated the Labrador’s information into the old dog schema. Assimilation is essentially fitting new information into schemata we already have in place. Unfortunately, this can lead to stereotyping. For example, if an old lady sees a teenager mug another person, she might assimilate â€Å"violence† or â€Å"crime† into her teenage schema. Next time she sees a teenager, her schema will be applied to them – and although they may be a kind person, she will probably show prejudice. Assimilation is normally a simple process, as new information already fits the pre-exisiting categories. †¢Accommodation When coming across a new object for the first time, a child will attempt to apply an old schema to the object. For consistency, let’s use the dog example again. The child may have â€Å"four legs, furry† in their dog schema. When coming across another similar animal, such as a cat, they might say â€Å"Look, a dog!† – that’s assimilation. However, when told that it’s actually a cat – not a dog – they will accommodate the new information into another schema. They will now form a â€Å"cat† schema; â€Å"not all four legged furry animals are dogs – some are cats too!†. They have accommodated the new information. The process just mentioned – of assimilation then accommodation is known as – †¢Adaptation Assimilation and accommodation are the two parts of adaptation – which is simply what it says – adapting our schemata to make an accurate (enough) model of the world we live in. It is a form of learning, but an entirely different form to the kind you’d see in behaviourist psychology for example (such as operant/classical conditioning). †¢Equilibrium Piaget suggested that humans naturally strive to achieve a cognitive balance; there must be a balance between applying prior knowledge (assimilation) and changing schemata to account for new information (accommodation). Piaget suggested that when a child has a schema which doesn’t fit reality, there is tension in the mind. By balancing the use of assimilation and accommodation, this tension is reduced and we can proceed to higher levels of thought and learning (equilibration). QUICK SUMMARY: Children have schemata (cognitive structures that contain pre-existing ideas of the world), which are constantly changing. Schemata constantly undergo adaptation, through the processes of assimilation and accommodation. When seeing new objects there is a state of tension, and a child will attempt to assimilate the information to see if it fits into prior schemata. If this fails, the information must be accommodated by either adding new schemata or modifying the existing ones to accommodate the information. By balancing the use of assimilation and accommodation, an equilibrium is created, reducing cognitive tension (equilibration). Vygotsky’s theories stress the fundamental role of social interaction in the development of cognition Vygotsky, 1978), as he believed strongly that community plays a central role in the process of â€Å"making meaning.† Unlike Piaget’s notion that children’s’ development must necessarily precede their learning, Vygotsky argued, â€Å"learning is a necessary and universal aspect of the process of developing culturally organized, specifically human psychological function† (1978, p. 90). In other words, social learning tends to precede (i.e. come before) development. Vygotsky has developed a socio-cultural approach to cognitive development. He developed his theories at around the same time as Jean Piaget was starting to develop his theories (1920’s and 30’s), but he died at the age of 38 and so his theories are incomplete – although some of his writings are still being translated from Russian. No single principle (such as Pi aget’s equilibration) can account for development. Individual development cannot be understood without reference to the social and cultural context within which it is embedded. Higher mental processes in the individual have their origin in social processes. Vygotsky’s theory differs from that of Piaget in a number of important ways: 1: Vygotsky places more emphasis on culture affecting/shaping cognitive development – this contradicts Piaget’s view of universal stages and content of development. (Vygotsky does not refer to stages in the way that Piaget does). 2: Vygotsky places considerably more emphasis on social factors contributing to cognitive development (Piaget is criticised for underestimating this). 3: Vygotsky places more (and different) emphasis on the role of language in cognitive development (again Piaget is criticised for lack of emphasis on this). Effects of Culture: – Tools of intellectual adaptation Like Piaget, Vygotsky claimed that infants are born with the basic materials/abilities for intellectual development – Piaget focuses on motor reflexes and sensory abilities. Vygotsky refers to Elementary Mental Functions – o Attention o Sensation o Perception o Memory Eventually, through interaction within the socio-cultural environment, these are developed into more sophisticated and effective mental processes/strategies which he refers to as Higher Mental Functions. For example, memory in young children this is limited by biological factors. However, culture determines the type of memory strategy we develop. E.g., in our culture we learn note-taking to aid memory, but in pre-literate societies other strategies must be developed, such as tying knots in string to remember, or carrying pebbles, or repetition of the names of ancestors until large numbers can be repeated. Vygotsky refers to tools of intellectual adaptation – these allow children to use the basic mental functions more effectively/adaptively, and these are culturally determined (e.g. memory mnemonics, mind maps). Vygotsky therefore sees cognitive functions, even those carried out alone, as affected by the beliefs, values and tools of intellectual adaptation of the culture in which a person develops and therefore socio-culturally determined. The tools of intellectual adaptation therefore vary from culture to culture – as in the memory example Social Influences on Cognitive Development Like Piaget, Vygotsky believes that young children are curious and actively involved in their own learning and the discovery and development of new understandings/schema. However, Vygotsky placed more emphasis on social contributions to the process of development, whereas Piaget emphasised self-initiated discovery. According to Vygotsky (1978), much important learning by the child occurs through social interaction with a skillful tutor. The tutor may model behaviours and/or provide verbal instructions for the child. Vygotsky refers to this as co-operative or collaborative dialogue. The child seeks to understand the actions or instructions provided by the tutor (often the parent or teacher) then internalizes the information, using it to guide or regulate their own performance. Shaffer (1996) gives the example of a young girl who is given her first jigsaw. Alone, she performs poorly in attempting to solve the puzzle. The father then sits with her and describes or demonstrates some basic strategies, such as finding all the comer/edge pieces and provides a couple of pieces for the child to put together herself and offers encouragement when she does so. As the child becomes more competent, the father allows the child to work more independently. According to Vygotsky, this type of social interaction involving co-operative or collaborative dialogue promotes cognitive development. In order to gain an understanding of Vygotsky’s theories on cognitive development, one must understand two of the main principles of Vygotsky’s work: the More Knowledgeable Other (MKO) and the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). More Knowledgeable Other The more knowledgeable other (MKO) is somewhat self-explanatory; it refers to someone who has a better understanding or a higher ability level than the learner, with respect to a particular task, process, or concept. Although the implication is that the MKO is a teacher or an older adult, this is not necessarily the case. Many times, a child’s peers or an adult’s children may be the individuals with more knowledge or experience. For example, who is more likely to know more about the newest teen-age music groups, how to win at the most recent PlayStation game, or how to correctly perform the newest dance craze – a child or their parents? In fact, the MKO need not be a person at all. Some companies, to support employees in their learning process, are now using electronic performance support systems. Electronic tutors have also been used in educational settings to facilitate and guide students through the learning process. The key to MKOs is that they must have (or be programmed with) more knowledge about the topic being learned than the learner does. Zone of Proximal Development The concept of the More Knowledgeable Other is integrally related to the second important principle of Vygotsky’s work, the Zone of Proximal Development. This is an important concept that relates to the difference between what a child can achieve independently and what a child can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner. For example, the child could not solve the jigsaw puzzle (in the example above) by itself and would have taken a long time to do so (if at all), but was able to solve it following interaction with the father, and has developed competence at this skill that will be applied to future jigsaws. Vygotsky (1978) sees the Zone of Proximal Development as the area where the most sensitive instruction or guidance should be given – allowing the child to develop skills they will then use on their own – developing higher mental functions. Vygotsky also views interaction with peers as an effective way of developing skills and strategies. He suggests that teachers use cooperative learning exercises where less competent children develop with help from more skillful peers – within the zone of proximal development.

Free Essays on Teen Preg

Teen Pregnancy Adolescent pregnancy has long been a societal concern, but in the past decade, this issue has become one of the most frequently cited examples of the perceived societal decay in the United States. About 560,000 teenage girls give birth each year. Eight in ten of these births resulted from unintended pregnancies. (McCuen 16). Sorting out cause and effect would be easy if pregnant teens all lived in the same area with the same disadvantages or if these women chose to become mothers early in life. But such mothers are not randomly dotted across the social landscape. Increased rates of sexual activity, illegitimacy, and welfare receipt raise public concerns. Although the onset of pregnancy may occur in any teenager, some teens are at higher risk for unplanned pregnancy than others. Despite the recent decline in the teen birth rates, teen pregnancy remains a significant problem facing our nation. Social problems, a vast amount of emotional and psychological problems often contribute to teen pregnancy. Promiscuous is defined as careless, casual, or even aimless. Teens are being promiscuous more than ever before. Teenagers are participating in the new world of sexual freedom. Social behavior is no longer restricted to the higher class. Today, teens become sexually active not when they move out of the parental home and into a family of their own, but while they are still considered as children. Young women are just as likely as young men today to be sexually active before marriage. With more and more teens having casual sex, the risks of pregnancy goes up. They do not weigh their options and take into consideration the consequences of their behavior that could possibly change their entire life. They do not realize that it could happen to them. They only see it as something that happens to other people. They feel they are invincible. We should recognize that sexual behavior is a matter of c... Free Essays on Teen Preg Free Essays on Teen Preg Teen Pregnancy Adolescent pregnancy has long been a societal concern, but in the past decade, this issue has become one of the most frequently cited examples of the perceived societal decay in the United States. About 560,000 teenage girls give birth each year. Eight in ten of these births resulted from unintended pregnancies. (McCuen 16). Sorting out cause and effect would be easy if pregnant teens all lived in the same area with the same disadvantages or if these women chose to become mothers early in life. But such mothers are not randomly dotted across the social landscape. Increased rates of sexual activity, illegitimacy, and welfare receipt raise public concerns. Although the onset of pregnancy may occur in any teenager, some teens are at higher risk for unplanned pregnancy than others. Despite the recent decline in the teen birth rates, teen pregnancy remains a significant problem facing our nation. Social problems, a vast amount of emotional and psychological problems often contribute to teen pregnancy. Promiscuous is defined as careless, casual, or even aimless. Teens are being promiscuous more than ever before. Teenagers are participating in the new world of sexual freedom. Social behavior is no longer restricted to the higher class. Today, teens become sexually active not when they move out of the parental home and into a family of their own, but while they are still considered as children. Young women are just as likely as young men today to be sexually active before marriage. With more and more teens having casual sex, the risks of pregnancy goes up. They do not weigh their options and take into consideration the consequences of their behavior that could possibly change their entire life. They do not realize that it could happen to them. They only see it as something that happens to other people. They feel they are invincible. We should recognize that sexual behavior is a matter of c...

The Mystery of the Three, is a story about three criminals attempting to steal shipwreaked artifacts.

The Mystery of the Three, is a story about three criminals attempting to steal shipwreaked artifacts. Maud and Robert flung their bags next to Jeffery's on the dock and climbed into the small submarine, moving quickly so they would not be caught. [Participle] Using the cover of the night to remain stealthy, Robert expertly screwed down the hatch of the sub, taking great care that it would not squeak. His breathing increased and got deeper, he was panicking. Just like most criminals, he regretted being part of this plot, as he was not only risking the rest of his life behind bars, but his life itself. Trying to calm his nerves, he stumbled down from the steps of the hatch. "Turn her on and l-l-lets go." stuttered Maud, who was also giving a hint of nervousness in her unsteady voice. She didn't like Herr Robert SchrÂÆ'ÂÆ'‚Â ¶der, ex-commander. She chose him that day in the Paris catacombs to be part of this plot because he was the only person who knew how to operate a submarine; that came from being in the German Navy.Maud was becoming quite stubborn and irritable these days, as being the mastermind behind the crime is never an easy job. It seemed so simple, but now everything seemed to make her nervous. His silence made her nervous. His evil face and squinty eyes made her nervous. She closed her eyes and took a deep breath as the submarine descended into the dark waters.Robert grumbled. It would be another half hour until they reached the shipwreck, where the sunken artifacts would be found, along with the smuggler's launch that carried them. He set the switches, jammed the throttle to full power, and leaned back in his seat. This will all be over soon, he thought, We get there, meet up with Jeff, load up the baskets, and go back. And then... Robert,

Absolutism and Consitutionalism

The 17th century was the turning point of absoluteism in Western Europe. In the beginning of the century, we spent a religious war dating from 1618 to 1648 called war today for 30 years. Cardinal Richelieu, Principal Minister of King Louis XIII, was able to maintain absolute authority over France during the war. Unlike Richelieu, Charles I in the UK has not been as successful as the Diet and does not struggle. France continued to prosper under this absolute monarchy, but the UK gradually began to shift to constitutionalism. France 's absolute principle is the political system related to Louis XIII, especially King Louis XIV. From the 16th century to the 17th century, the whole Europe developed absolute or absolute monarchy. Important politicians such as Cardinal Richilieu are faithful supporters of absoluteism. The absolute law means that the power of the monarch is theoretically infinite except for sacred law or so-called natural law. In absolute society, the only person who can cha nge the power of the monarch is his / her own lord. Therefore, it is difficult for an absolute monarch to dilute his authority and authority. In the 17th century, a new keyword called absoluteism was born. Absolutism is the political theory that all power should belong to rulers / juniors or dictators. Therefore, the absolute monarch is a ruler who governs by himself and does not undergo legal or constitutional rule. The monarch of an absoluteist considers himself a sacred right of the emperor. In other words, they can be held responsible only by God and can not judge beyond God. An ideal example of an absolute monarch of this era was Louis XIV who crowned the King of France in 1643. There are many points to show that he is considered to be an important absolute leader. During the transition from feudalism * to early capitalism *, the word absoluteism is often used with the monarchs of Europe, and the description of the absolute monarch was specifically discovered in the 17th and 18 th centuries. It is generally considered that the age of absoluteism began during the reign of Louis XIV (1643 - 1715) and ended with the French Revolution (1789). The main motivation of absoluteism is the 16th and 17th centuries. Protestant reform (1517-1648) brought about a series of violent and bloody religious wars, during which thousands of innocent people were murdered. For example, during the 30-year war (1618-48), the German state's population has declined by about 30% from about 15%, compared with 16% in the French population reduced by 16-18 million . During the French Religious War (1562 - 98) 2 million to 4 million *

Kmart Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Kmart Analysis - Essay Example Kmart deals in a wide range of retail products. The company principally provides the grocery items on its retail stores along with other consumer products such as women's and kids apparels, fashion clothing, gifts, toys, baby and kids beddings, furniture, nursery products, jewelry, electronics, home appliances, fragrances, personal care items and sports, leisure and fitness goods etc ("Kmart Home", n.d.) Kmart's business operations fall under discount retailing industry. It confronts with overwhelming competition in the industry from the significant retail giants such as Wal-Mart, Target stores, Kohl's and J.C. Penney etc. Kmart has shown a comeback in the industry after the bankruptcy with a vision to deliver value to its customers and shareholders in an identical manner. It aims for constant expansion with a view to advance in terms of sale and profitability records, to enhance the efficacy and alleviate the costs, to strengthen and elevate the utilization of assets towards increasing profits etc ("Corporate History", n.d.) The following chart depicts a snapshot of K-mart's financial ratios ("Kmart Corporation", n.d.) compared to the discount retailing industry average ("Retail (Department & Discount) Industry", n.d.) along with two of its competitors i.e., Wal-Mart ("Ratios for Wal-Mart", n.d.) and Target ("Ratios for Target", n.d.), so as to provide a better insight into the company's financial position and performance with respect to that of its industry and competitors: Kmart Industry Wal-Mart Target Quick Ratio 2.0 0.26 0.13 0.89 Current Ratio 3.6 1.17 0.89 1.50 Debt to Equity 0.93 0.55 0.54 0.70 Gross Margin 25.9% 27.50% 23.17% 32.15% Net Profit Margin 5.6% 3.80% 3.49% 4.58% Return On Assets 10.1% 7.43% 8.32% 7.30% Cash Conversion Cycle 67 days 39 days 14 days 39 days An examination of the above chart straightens out a fine line between Kmart, its major competitors and the whole discount retail industry. The further in-depth interpretation and analysis of the above presented ratios is provided below to compare Kmart's financial position and performance with its competitors and other companies in the same industry: Current Ratio: The current ratio reflects the liquidity position of a company in terms of a comparison of its current assets and current liabilities. Kmart's current ratio is 3.6:1, which means that the company keeps $3.6 worth of liquid assets against every $1 worth of current liabilities. The current ratio of Kmart is much higher than that of the discount retail industry as well as Wal-Mart and Target Corporation individually. Apart from showing a sound liquidity position of the company, it emphasizes the fact that much of the company's current assets are lying idle without being invested further. Quick Ratio: An investigation of the above ratio comparison reveals that the Kmart Corporation's quick ratio is much higher than that of its industry and competitors. Kmart's quick ratio is 2.0, which shows that Kmart is much capable to pay off its short-term debts and liabilities after keeping aside the inventory than all the other companies in the industry. The difference between the current and quick ratios explicit the quantity of stock held by company, which is about 55% of the total current assets for Kmart. Debt to

Healthy Eating Food Pyramid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Healthy Eating Food Pyramid - Essay Example Let us begin explaining the healthy eating food pyramid by looking at the whole pyramid in general. The following are the main sections of healthy eating food pyramid. The first and the biggest section of healthy eating food pyramid is the base section, which comprises of daily exercises and weight control. The second largest section of the healthy eating food pyramid comprises of vegetables and fruits, healthy fats and oils, and whole grains. The third largest section of the healthy eating food pyramid consists of nuts, seeds, beans, and tofu. The fourth largest section of healthy eating food pyramid consists of milk and vitamin D or Calcium supplements. The smallest section of healthy eating food supplement, the fifth section, consists of foodstuff like red meat, butter, and refined grains. According to this pyramid, for good health, people’s daily diet or daily servings should constitute various diets and minerals in proportion to the sections of the healthy eating food pyr amid; for instance, human being’s daily diet should consist more of vegetables and fruits than red meat. For better understanding of healthy eating food pyramid, it is important to look at each of the five sections of the pyramid in details. Let us begin with the first section, which is the base section of the healthy eating food pyramid. As we have already seen, the first section of healthy eating food pyramid consists of daily exercises and weight control. The fact that daily exercises and weight control appear in the base section of healthy eating food pyramid shows that daily exercise and weight control are quite important for good health; this means that, for good health, we should exercise daily and take measures to control our weights. This is because through, exercises, we burn more calories, therefore, avoiding gaining more weight and remaining healthy; through weight control, on the other hand, we control

Marketing Norway Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing Norway - Research Paper Example In Norway, the political system is structured in such a manner that it respects the freedom of expression of its citizens and the right of each citizen to enjoy civil liberty and human rights. Judicial, legislative, and executive setups of the country work in their own jurisdictions so that the authority of these three core elements of the state does not collide at any point in time. Norway’s government is considered as an important contributor towards global politics, and its suggestion and recommendations are a part of international charters pertaining to peace, consumer rights, civil laws, criminal enquiries and etc. (Ebsco, 2009). Norway is also an important ally of NATO and the reputation of the country in international peacekeeping missions is inevitable. Keeping the reputation of Norwegian government in the international and national politics, it can be asserted that the government structure of the country is reliable and not considered as being an economy friendly setu p which does not impose unnecessary legislation on the restriction of business activities in the country (Ebsco, 2011). A potential market for ARIO in Norway would be could be those areas, which have a high concentration of youth population and tourists. Basically, main shopping areas or centers in the main cities of Norway can be considered as its targeted areas. In these areas, higher population of youth would mean that ARIO’s outlet should be located near a university, college, dorm or a hostel. Moreover, theme parks and tourist destinations also receive a large number of youth tourists and travellers. Keeping this in view, the major cities of Norway where universities and other educational institutions are located are suitable for the company. These cities include Alesund, Bergen, Drammen, Oslo, Alta, Hamar, Levangar and Trondheim (DataMonitor, 2011). Oslo is the capital of Norway and the biggest tourist destination in the country. In addition, a majority of Norwegian

Marketing as a concept in business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Marketing as a concept in business - Essay Example Mass media as a tool of advertising has a number of advantages over other forms of brand promotions key among which is the fact that mass media overcomes the geographical barriers some of which prevent accessibility of certain regions. Mass media communicates spontaneously; this implies that the information communicated reaches its consumers equally provided they have the ability to access it. Furthermore, some forms of mass media provide details and are stored for future references. Such mass media as newspapers and magazines have longer lifespans and therefore provide exhaustive information about a product in case of an advert. The above features coupled with the possibilities of the internet as a mass media makes the media the most powerful tool for entrepreneurs to increase the visibility of their products and possibly the sales. Richard Ohmann evaluated these among other possibilities of the media in constructing his thesis statement, which is adequately accurate. Capitalism is a form socioeconomic system based on the abstraction of resources into privately owned. Capitalist, therefore, aims at increasing their sales and possibly the profitability of their goods and services. Capitalists are aggressive in their production, service delivery and marketing strategies, they attempt to use progressively smaller amount of money in the production and conducting business to yield an abnormally huge profits. They are profit oriented and rarely consider the needs of either the consumers or the society. Ohmann therefore postulates that capitalists will employ the media in increasing their product visibility with an aim of improving profitability (Bogomolova, 2011). Tom & Jacqueline, (2003) explains that the modern day society consists of marketers who desire to increase their product presence by using the least amount of money possible. However, the cost of advertising is progressively increasing in accordance to the quality of advertising services as most entreprene urs express preference for the established media thereby resulting in competition. So while the established capitalists scramble for the prime time the other less established capitalists parade their products and services in the off peak hours of the media. These activities by marketers result in a media fraternity filled with advertisements for products and services all day. Ohmann describes such a scenario in his hypothesis by claiming that capitalists will eventually saturate the market with their goods and products. The modern day market is literally saturated with products and services. The internet provides yet another advanced platform currently packed with entrepreneurs and marketers all of who have resorted to the cheaper social networking sites to advertise their products (Stewart, 1976). Question 2 Advertisement just as defined earlier is a means to improving the visibility of products and services thereby improving the sales. Products and services have an aspect of sex a ppeal to them thereby validating the use of women and sexuality in advertisement. The development of

Bauhaus and Modernism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bauhaus and Modernism - Essay Example This essay discusses that the main concepts of the Bauhaus began in Germany in the early 1900s, specifically when World War I and World War II began to dominate the lifestyles of those in the region. The philosophy was based on the changes that were within society and how this led to different perspectives of what was important to those in a given culture. The basis of this was known as being a logical positivist, which embraced futuristic and avant – garde ideologies. It was understood that this particular concept of philosophy was one that not only demanded the change toward mathematical and economic associations with art. There were also values that were placed on the changing culture, specifically because of the wars which were taking place. As the report declares, Europe and America began to experience a profound shift in sensibility that would lead to an explosion of creativity in the arts, transform moral values, and in time reshape the conduct of life throughout Western society† This basis was followed by other concepts which were associated with the understanding of Bauhaus and the movement toward modernism in Germany. The art and architectural forms that were a part of the movement were one of the main associations made with the Bauhaus movement. The philosophy developed was based on simplistic forms and colors as well as a synthesis between the two. Unification of the forms and colors were then able to create a different focus on the ideology of the subject and what was being said.... This essay stresses that the desire to create a sense of innovation and modernism then became reflective of the ideologies of the Bauhaus movement, specifically in trying to find a definition that created the perception of modernism. The similarities of defining modernism then became a part of the art and architecture that was in both America and Europe. When looking at the different movements and the artistic works, it can be seen that there are similarities specifically in the definition and philosophy of modernism. When looking at these two artistic concepts, it can be seen that there is a direct relationship to creating shapes, forms and specific colors with the art. The Bauhaus perspective is based on incorporating mathematical concepts and philosophies of technology, specifically to re-identify art into a modernist perspective. The later work of Dove uses these same philosophies, specifically which takes the subject matter of the mountains and makes it into what one could define as a modernist work. The concept of Bauhaus and the American modernist movement have changed the way that many looks at the idea of modernism. Bauhaus worked as the precursor to American modernism with several philosophies, including the art, craft, and philosophy of defining modernism. The early influences of those that were a part of America from the Bauhaus movement, as well as the incorporation of different ideologies in trying to find the meaning of modernism led to different understandings that created the modernist philosophies.

Reflective journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reflective journal - Assignment Example Before her, many women lost their lives while bring new lives in to the world. Nurses had to go through a basic nursing training before specializing in midwifery as a post-basic course, a process that was quite lengthy. The contributions of Gaskin towards safe motherhood initiatives sensitized Americans about the rising rates of maternal death. In my view, the project was a great success as there was a sharp decline in mortality rates. Teenage pregnancy rate in America is among the highest in the industrialized world. I however, find her initiatives narrow and one-sided because the focus is on safe delivery and not on safe sex behavior. Ina Gaskin’s contributions have transformed midwifery into a specialized field of nursing. We now have more midwives and midwifery training schools. The focus of midwifery is now on prenatal, peri-natal and postnatal health of the mother and child. More women are now seeking specialized midwifery services. Nurses can now manage shoulder dystocia competently giving them a greater role. Ian May Gaskin transformed midwifery into a specialized distinct field by starting the direct midwifery training. This taught me that nursing could specialize more as a profession to give the nurses a greater role in health care. Gaskin’s development of Gaskin’s maneuver made me realize that nurses can play a greater role in managing difficult labor because the nurses were viewed to be competent in managing normal labor alone. With a good foundation laid by Gaskin, I intend to broaden the focus of midwifery to deal with difficult labor. This will be achieved by introduction of training modules and workshops for pre-service and in-service midwives on the management of difficult labor. This will ensure that as the numbers of midwives rise, their competency in managing labor is also

Bauhaus and Modernism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bauhaus and Modernism - Essay Example This essay discusses that the main concepts of the Bauhaus began in Germany in the early 1900s, specifically when World War I and World War II began to dominate the lifestyles of those in the region. The philosophy was based on the changes that were within society and how this led to different perspectives of what was important to those in a given culture. The basis of this was known as being a logical positivist, which embraced futuristic and avant – garde ideologies. It was understood that this particular concept of philosophy was one that not only demanded the change toward mathematical and economic associations with art. There were also values that were placed on the changing culture, specifically because of the wars which were taking place. As the report declares, Europe and America began to experience a profound shift in sensibility that would lead to an explosion of creativity in the arts, transform moral values, and in time reshape the conduct of life throughout Western society† This basis was followed by other concepts which were associated with the understanding of Bauhaus and the movement toward modernism in Germany. The art and architectural forms that were a part of the movement were one of the main associations made with the Bauhaus movement. The philosophy developed was based on simplistic forms and colors as well as a synthesis between the two. Unification of the forms and colors were then able to create a different focus on the ideology of the subject and what was being said.... This essay stresses that the desire to create a sense of innovation and modernism then became reflective of the ideologies of the Bauhaus movement, specifically in trying to find a definition that created the perception of modernism. The similarities of defining modernism then became a part of the art and architecture that was in both America and Europe. When looking at the different movements and the artistic works, it can be seen that there are similarities specifically in the definition and philosophy of modernism. When looking at these two artistic concepts, it can be seen that there is a direct relationship to creating shapes, forms and specific colors with the art. The Bauhaus perspective is based on incorporating mathematical concepts and philosophies of technology, specifically to re-identify art into a modernist perspective. The later work of Dove uses these same philosophies, specifically which takes the subject matter of the mountains and makes it into what one could define as a modernist work. The concept of Bauhaus and the American modernist movement have changed the way that many looks at the idea of modernism. Bauhaus worked as the precursor to American modernism with several philosophies, including the art, craft, and philosophy of defining modernism. The early influences of those that were a part of America from the Bauhaus movement, as well as the incorporation of different ideologies in trying to find the meaning of modernism led to different understandings that created the modernist philosophies.

I have a dream Speech Analysis Essay Example for Free

I have a dream Speech Analysis Essay In his speech Dr king says that â€Å"we have come to our nations capital to cash a check† king refers to a bad check as blacks not getting their full rights. they dont get what was promised to them in the declaration of independence. king states how 100 years later the negro is still not free and still experiences â€Å" the flames of withering injustice.† he refers to the 100 years as the 100 anniversary of the signing of the emancipation proclamation signed by lincoln in 1963 which freed the slaves. king claims the bad check as having â€Å"insufficient funds† promised rights and justice. in his opening statements, king addresses thats they have come to cash a bad check. what he is referring to is the promised right in the declaration of independence. blacks were supposed to be promised rights which were guaranteed in the declaration of independence. â€Å"all men yes all men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness† blacks were promised rights in the DOFI but these have yet to be realized . he states that america has defaulted on a promissory note. america has yet to acknowledge this fact and probably are reluctant to do it. king also addresses the bad check as having â€Å"insufficient funds â€Å" king refers to the insufficient funds as the lack of freedom and equality for blacks all across america. â€Å" so we’ve come to cash this check check, a check that will give up upon the demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice† King feels that the insufficient funds is a problem and results in great social unbalance between whites and blacks throughout america. he feels that blacks should be given the same opportunities as their white counterparts. he also states that blacks refuse to believe the insufficient funds. â€Å" we refuse to that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation† king goes further by stating how he feels justice needs to be served in order  to correct this bad check. â€Å" now is the time to make justice a reality for all of god’s children, now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice† king feels that there is a â€Å"sweltering heat of injustice† in america, full of racial segregation and inequality. he states NOW is the time because blacks have waited to long to be acknowledged by whites and have the same things they can do. in conclusion, king wants this bad check to be cashed so that whites and blacks can be one with each other and â€Å"dine together at the table of brotherhood† blacks will be have their rights that were promised to all men in the declaration of independence, get rid of the insufficient funds of the bad check and solve the injustice that has plaqued america for years. now is the time for equality, now is the time for equal opportunity and freedom. king has a dream for the future and wants to see his dream come to fruition.

Etihad Airways Selection Techniques Analysis

Etihad Airways Selection Techniques Analysis In principle, to ensure that Etihad Airways company moves towards addressing differences in the work-force profile, such Project Manager Emirati Cabin Crew assistance should be available for any possible to ask who meets the basic requirements of the job. () On the other words, the job advertisement, which should be closely based on the person specification, where appropriate, includes detailed reason for significant professional individuals to seek. A mechanism for applications should be specified, which would generally be in the shape of a standard Project Manager Emirati Cabin Crew application form designed to obtain information relevant to the job. Furthermore, every applicant ought to obey through the application course of action. The selection decision should eventually be made by more than one person who has a thorough knowledge of the work required for the Project Manager Emirati Cabin Crew position. Moreover, a Selection Panel is, as a result, requisite, which ought to take account at least single person who has been trained in selection practices, furthermore understands Etihad Airways groups selection procedure. All members of the selection committee ought to be implicated in the short-listing procedures. () On the other hand, the candidate specification for the Project Manager Emirati Cabin Crew position will figure the starting point of the selection resolution. Additionally, records ought to be kept on the scope to which every nominee meets up the necessities of every feature of the nominee pattern. 3) Selecting Best Candidate: In todays changing environment, one of the biggest challenges facing Human and Resources Managers is recruiting and retaining employees with the right skills. For that reason, a framework of ethical practice, the Recruitment and Selection should be developed in conjunction with employers along with the specialists as an externally assessable tool to assist employers with recruitment issues. On the other hand, selection process is a later stage of the recruitment. Since, it involves choosing appropriate along with qualified applicants suited to the job. Moreover, selection is a social, interactive entertainment as well as skill development, which are recommended for the use of structured and tested methods to achieve objectivity, reliability along with reduced risk in addition to uncertainty. In Etihad Airways Company, many prospective interviewees might comprise the essential character for the effectual presentation of the Project Manager Emirati Cabin Crew occupation, but require experience or even credentials throughout not having appropriate chances. () For that reason, mare and more care ought to be taken, and so, in the specification of requirements of the Project Manager Emirati Cabin Crew post has to be ensured since statements of action in addition to type of event along with academic as well as training requirements are justified. The terms and conditions under which the Project Manager Emirati Cabin Crew position holder is to be engaged should be reliable with the present workforce policies of Etihad Airways Company. () Etihad Airways Company might use a merit-based way to optimize the potential for selecting the most suitable candidate for Project Manager Emirati Cabin Crew job. The method, which may be, used a combination of written application, behavioral based interview questions, testing or even presentations. This approach has been established in Etihad Airways Company to ensure the best possible selection moreover that there is not fairness on foundation unconnected to the necessities of the Project Manager Emirati Cabin Crew position. () On the other hand, each ignoring of such a situation ought to be sustained through a written depiction of the function as well as tasks of the same vacant position. Therefore, this will typically be in the appearance of an occupation description of the Project Manager Emirati Cabin Crew position. () Care is needed in their arrangements to ensure that all aspects are justified. On the other hand, such post description ought to be escorted through a comprehens ive individual requirement that will figure the foundation of whichever selection assessment for the appointment of Project Manager Emirati Cabin Crew. Since objectivity is hard to get through interview alone, a variety of selection manners may be established, extremely close based on the individual requirements for Project Manager Emirati Cabin Crew position, which may contain work-related tests or even assessments. Nevertheless, thought might be taken when selecting or even designing tests along with analyzing their results to make sure that they are available from unfairness. Interview questions might be chosen with care moreover, designed to obtain the information covered in the person specification. Particular attention should be taken to fill up using questions, which might indicate a desire to make a call into account inappropriate material. Interview format as well as contented should be applied consistently toward every candidates interviewed. Records might be held for every of the candidates which represent the position to which the requirements of the different parameters were met. Furthermore, these records might be kept for at least of six months following the selection. Candidates might want to take delivery of response about their performance in the selection process. Moreover, such feedback may only be provided with a reasonable person directly involved in the selection decision. The purpose of an interview is to obtain specific data from a candidate to resolve his or even her aptitude to carry out the occupation. However, successful interviewers learn how to use the right kind questions, how to avoid the candidate talking about facts data knowledge, moreover how to pay attention. A great deal of what is educated concerning candidates in an interview is found on their previous practices. On the other hand, past performance is the best indicator of future performance. Consequently, this does not signify that somebody who had carried out badly in the earlier period cannot enhance in skills as well as thoughts. Generally, however, It can be seen a change in working through specific jobs or assignments. () Sometimes interviewers believe that an applicant who has done somewhat has made it fine or that prolonged existence on a Project Manager Emirati Cabin Crew position is a sign of success. A credit record can corroborate the excellence of the work presentation. It is necessary to be well prepared when conducting the interview to ensure the recruitment process remains effective, clear and consistent, and to preserve the most suitable candidate for the position of the Project Manager Emirati Cabin Crew. 4) Candidate Orientation: Recruitment and selection grant managers to establish and steadily uplift the behavioral characteristics and the ability of the workforce. The appeal for most attention has focused on people with a preference for working through others as opposed to the individualist preferred by recruiters earlier. Attention has switched from testing lists of skills and abilities to broader-based competencies. In general, there is a greater concern for personal flexibility along with adaptability, a reorientation from the contribution towards future stability. Offer letters are contractual agreements between the employee and Etihad Airways Company. Therefore, considerable care should be taken to secure that the information contained in them is true also that all parties involved understand all of its components. The concern section or department should have approval from the management on all points contained in a proposal before it is extended. The same sector at Etihad Airways Company will be held liable for any prohibited items contained in offers. To avoid future confusion, departments at Etihad Airways Company, should take suitable documents for whichever obligations made to a nominee for the situation of the Project Manager Emirati Cabin Crew. It is much easier to maintain certification to submit to somewhat than depend on remembrance, particularly given that the propose might extent numerous years, additionally there may be a variety of sources. () This offer letter with the start date, title, work location, supervisor, and wages should be sent to the one selected, with a copy in the personnel files. Etihad Airways Company should respond in writing with an acceptance letter. Moreover, offer letters may serve as a legally binding contract. Therefore, it should be avoid terms such as permanent or career, these may cause significant strain. Hiring employees are like a business transaction, not terribly different from selecting supplies for Etihad Airways Company. When a need for supplies. Then it may be looked for merchandise that is of exceptional quality and an agreeable deal. Similarly, it is known what it may be needed in Etihad Airways Company; now it may be looked for someone whose skills and qualifications meet your business needs. A good way to improve the questioning technique is to examine. Practice the phrasing of questions prior to conducting interviews. Add some specific questions to the interviews and evaluate the types of responses it might be tried. Analysis each interview to learn how to improve the style. Good questioning skills can positively enhance the interviewing success. Taking the time to check references, it is worth it. Therefore, checking references can be a time consuming task as well Etihad Airways Company had abandoned the idea of doing some more than a cursory verification of a few facts. For that reason, the cost to Etihad Airways Company of a hiring error is harmful; it is preferable to take the time to get the right selection procedure in the primary situate. On the other hand, Etihad Airways programs provide challenging with unprecedented opportunities for shared reflection. In this way, such conduct creates in Etihad Airways learning surroundings contained by a compassionate impression, which in revolve carry about learning conclusion away from those of the classic cases in the Etihad Airways. () Given that such appearance which can be more sensible than replications, furthermore while it offers an opportunity for career through the same experience in the Etihad Airways, it proves extremely useful in training and complex situations where resistance to change is endemic or where an attitude of certain conservative thinking exists. () Moreover, Etihad Airways Provide a cost effective, best practice approaches to training and development through effective implementation of the new framework of qualifications of Etihad Airways staff. 5) Techniques Evaluation: In such case, we have a Project Manager Emirati Cabin Crew position, as a valid case, Etihad Airways Company strategic approach to hiring, retaining along with promoting staff has resulted in superior illustration at all ranks of the company. Etihad Airways Company supports local employees through its Emiratization Employee Networks. A Strategic Approach started at earlier stages by the senior leadership, Etihad Airways Company provides tools for managing employees, working with their supervisors to develop career paths, moreover, develop skills along with experiences that work toward achieving their career aspirations. Advantages of Etihad Airways Selection Techniques: 1) Using technology for efficiency reasons: Etihad Airways might be acting as the first group who utilized computerized systems at its work. That is not excluding accounts and business activities, besides converting most of its exchanges and transmissions works into the digital era. 2) Replace people with technology: As more of technology is introduced, less of people might be required to achieve the same job. One of the main goals of Etihad Airways is to reduce the percentage of the junior workers because they are not UAE local people and Etihad Airways has not gained more power to execute such percentage. Disadvantages of Etihad Airways Selection Techniques: 1. Lower labor costs: Although Etihad Airways tries to seduce local UAE people to the people by giving them particularly attractive compensation, in consequence, they are paying less for learning junior staff comparing to the other sector in UAE such like Etihad staff. In addition, Etihad Airways adopted 5 working days per week for help duties; but operational functions are working in shifts. Etihad Airways is depending more on contractors labor history for some of its use and external works requirements. 2. Low cost recruitment and training: Etihad Airways is exceedingly rare to fight for job vacancy, as it is performing a beautiful place to identify at UAE market. On the other hand, for junior staff, it is usually employing directly from Asian low wages countries. On the other hand, Etihad depends on its training center at Abu Dhabi for most of senior staff and all lower staff. More to the fact, which is conducting in consideration consultation and training sessions at specified places of work. Training there is only for local UAE senior staff. Therefore, in order to fulfill the recommendations made in the Etihad Airways Company overview and to be effectively implemented the reform agenda and the learning management system, the goals are: Employment at Etihad Airways, should comply with the real demand of the work force in Etihad Airways Company in order to avoid unnecessary utilization. At Etihad Airways, comprehensive computerized tests should be introduced in order to have a fair assessment of potential candidates covering basic skills to have such as computer applications, management and analytical skills. Recruitment strategies at Etihad Airways, should abide through other parts of human resources such as reimbursement and training, which have a significant impact on attracting and retaining this active labor force. In order to achieve the desired percentage of Emiratization at Etihad Airways, take over should be minimized to a reasonable rate and that cannot be reached without an efficient coordination with other departments in Etihad Airways Company, compensation, training and development, employee relations to look over the main constraints for the high percentage of turnover. Planning and Follow-up Section at Etihad Airways, should reflect the assigned functions/roles to follow up new recruits job after joining the company, that is includes providing appropriate training programs, career development and solving grievances in order to help retaining these high caliper employees. Applying through the Internet at Etihad Airways, should be introduced to improve the image of Etihad Airways Company and make it easy for the applicants. Applicants can offer their resumes also fill up in the arranged application figure as well as to have more accommodation options such as reserving the timely and perfect timing for taking the test and interview. Advertisement in newspapers for specific positions at Etihad Airways might introduce in order to get the most appropriate people needed to register on the needed time. Etihad Airways Company should try to eliminate all obstacles and difficulties in the way to achieve its pivotal position to determine amortization percentage to respectful one by analyzing reasons of development and try to minimize it.

Sociological Imagination Essay examples -- Sociology

To understand the term `Sociological Imagination', it is important to identify what Sociology is and what do sociologists study. It is also vital to look at the three basic concerns of the sociological imagination or perspective, which include Social Structure, Social Institutions and Social Processes. Moreover, it is necessary to understand what C. Wright Mills means when he mentions "the personal troubles of milieu" and "the public issues of social structure", and how it helps us to understand the society in which we live in. What is `Sociological Imagination'? To answer this question a person must first know what Sociology is. Sargent (1994) states that "There is no short answer... however, we can come to understand the nature of Sociology." It may be explained as the study of society. R.Van Kraken et all (2000) explains it in a more complex sense as "the description and analysis of the social forces that shape human behavior in contemporary social life." Sociological imagination is central to the study of society because it allows many of the perso...

?The Wreck of the Hesperus? and The Perfect Storm :: essays research papers

The More Powerful Sea Disaster Story   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some of the most intriguing stories of today are about people’s adventures at sea and the thrill and treachery of living through its perilous storms and disasters. Two very popular selections about the sea and its terrors are The Perfect Storm by Sebastian Junger and â€Å"The Wreck of the Hesperus† by Henry Longfellow. Comparison between the two works determines that â€Å"The Wreck of the Hesperus† tells a more powerful sea-disaster story for several different reasons. The poem is more descriptive and suspenseful than The Perfect Storm, and it also plays on a very powerful tool to captivate the reader’s emotion. These key aspects combine to give the reader something tangible that allows them to relate to the story being told and affects them strongly. A common person’s knowledge about sea disasters comes from what they have read in books and articles, and what they see on TV and in movies. The average person does not get to experience the fury of a hurricane while on a boat. In order to capture the audience’s attention, consideration to details and vivid descriptions are needed to paint a realistic picture in their minds. For this reason, the stories have to provide all of the intricate details. In The Perfect Storm, the story starts out with a radio call, not a dramatic scene that immediately foreshadows the possibility of danger. Rather than describing the storm and its fury, the only mention of the setting is of the visibility and the height of waves. However, in â€Å"The Wreck of the Hesperus†, the poem begins by stating there is a hurricane possible right away. The current weather conditions are pointed out to the reader as shown in the following quote.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Colder and louder blew the wind,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A gale from the Northeast,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The snow fell hissing in the brine,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  And the billows frothed like yeast.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (Longfellow 125) The realistic adjectives paint a picture that the average person can relate to and understand. As shown from the word choice in The Perfect Storm, the poem is easily seen to evoke more powerful imagery. One quality a story needs to possess in order to keep the reader eager and captivated to read is suspense. Both stories have elements of suspense, but utilize it in different ways. â€Å"The Wreck of the Hesperus† does an excellent job of foreshadowing, so one can predict the sequence of events that will happen.

Mgoa Physician Analysis

The primary objectives of the proposed MGOA pay for performance was to return MGOA back to financial stability by motivating the doctors to increase their clinical productivity, ensuring repeated performance, allocating all departmental cost to the doctors and eliminating the salary protection presently provided for low performance. The compensation plan attempted to reward the doctors for number of surgeries they could perform (clinical productivity) in any given period. The new MGOA pay for performance was tied to clinical activities and this, in a way, underestimated the relevance and contribution of teaching and medical research.While Rubash's argument that â€Å"financial security will allow MGOA to achieve its mission† was true, he failed to realize the negative effect of possible misalignment of his proposed pay strategy with the organization mission on the motivation of the physicians. Without a strong medical research activities, MGOA would lose its medical research r eputation and this would had a long term effect on the output and number of patients, which could in turn led to decline in revenue. Expectancy Theory:Rubash goal was to drive productivity in order to increase MGOA revenue, and he figured out he could achieved this by motivating the doctors to increase their clinical productivity and making each one of them take full responsibility for his cost. However, the Expectancy theory reveals that employee motivation is an outcome of how much an individual wants a reward (valence), the assessment that the likelihood that the effort will lead to expected performance (expectancy) and the belief that the performance will lead to reward (instrumentality).This theory concentrates on the following relationship as it applies to MGOA pay for performance strengths and weaknesses: Effort-performance relationship (Expectancy): This relationship examines the likelihood that the MGOA doctors' effort be recognized in their performance appraisal. Rubash pa y plan focused on the clinical productivity, therefore, the doctors who spent most of their hours on clinical activities had high expectancy that their effort would be recognized.However, the MGOA doctors that focused their interests on Medical Research and Education were worried, and did not believe that they proposed pay plan would work in their favor; they had low expectancy. The reaction of the MGOA researchers reflected the misalignment of the pay strategy with the organizational mission. Performance-reward relationship (Instrumentality): This factor examines the extent which the employees believe that getting a goal performance appraisal leads to organizational rewards.Rubash specifically laid down what he expected from the doctors and he set the clinical goals they had to achieve in order to qualify for reward. However, despite the â€Å"operational frank meetings† with the MGOA physicians, they still didn't believe in the instrumentality of the new pay strategy. The e vidence of this weakness was reflected by the complaints of the physicians that the proposed bonus plan would simply be a tax on the productive doctors. They believed the bonus system was a punishment for being over-productive.In addition, the lack of bonus guarantee was a great concern for the doctors. Lastly, MGOA physicians believed the existing collection system would had a negative impact on the measurement of their productivity under the proposed pay plan. Reward-personal goal relationship (Valence): The last relationship is â€Å"all about the attractiveness or appeal of the potential reward to the individual†. This is a question of â€Å"how much† the MGOA physicians wanted or valued the proposed pay plan. The statement made Dr. David Ring summed it up all in one sentence. Advancing the care of patients and the science of medicine takes a motivation beyond money†. Moreover, the uncertainty about the future of Medical Research and Teaching at MGOA discount ed the attractiveness of the proposed plan, and it was a no-surprise that Dr. Jupiter said â€Å"An academic faculty practice should provide an environment that supports its faculty in pursuing interests in research and teaching†. Therefore, while the MGOA clinical oriented physicians did not seem to have any doubt about the attractiveness of the proposed pay plan, the MGOA researchers did not see any attractiveness in the plan.Moreover, medical research was a major factor in advancing physicians careers, and for this reason, the only pay strategy that would gain their acceptance was the one that gave priority to research. Conclusion: Medical research was important to the mission of MGOA, it contributed to the reputation and image of the department as a leader in orthopedics. Putting clinical ahead of medical research did not align with the mission of MGOA. Medical research should be given the same attention given to Clinical activities, and understandable metrics should be d esigned to measure medical research activities, and be rewarded accordingly.Recommendations: A SMART rule should be used to set goals for the physicians. Rubash should involve them in goal-setting to gain their commitment and acceptance, monitor and provide support and regular feedback to the physicians; A measurable reward system that effectively measure both research and clinical activities should be designed and this system must be reviewed periodically. Lastly, MGOA leaders should expand the research fund pool in order to ease the cost burden of research activities on the department; and the department should overhaul its collection process.

Come Out the Wilderness: Character Analysis

â€Å"Come Out the Wilderness† James Baldwin’s â€Å"Come out the Wilderness,† presents the mentally isolated Ruth Bowman’s thoughts about men and her unwillingness to forget past relations. Growing up as a child, Ruth is sexually harassed by a guy whom her parents and brother think she is voluntarily sexually involved with. The events that happen in a previous era was a stepping stone into a life of low-self esteem and much insecurity that follows. The uncontrollable event causes her to be dependent on men and to have uncertainty in relationships. Ruth is educated in school, and she uses her skills on her job as a secretary, which she is promoted to.Ruth is a complicated woman in her thoughts as well as her actions. The feeling of not being wanted circulates Ruth’s mind. The memories of changed perceptions on her part by her family, devastates her. She has had past relationships but to no prevail in finding true happiness. Life in her eyes is chara cterized by being with a man who rarely acknowledges her features as a woman. He merely acknowledges when his urges have arisen and are in need of satisfying. Marriage to her seems as if a man is living with her whom she wants to love her and make her feel special ; though that is not the case. The relationship she has is inexplicable.Life may seem barren to a woman of Ruth’s nature. She goes to bars every night in hopes of time passing as she waits for her husband to get home. Ruth believes her husband has another woman, but does not obsess with the thought. She simply lives with his decisions whatever they may be, because she is dependent on him. Ruth is comparable to old-time wives in the way she allows her husband to do whatever he wants maybe because of masculinity or perhaps the doubt of him coming home. That signifies defeat, on her part, in the game of life. Ruth does not have any stability in her relationship with Paul, and it is filled with disbelief.She is unsure i f he loves her still, or wants her around, and what he thinks of her appearance. â€Å"She could not help feeling that he treated her this way because of her color, because she was a colored girl† (378). Ruth has many doubts towards Paul and his actions. She does not truly know why he gets home late. Paul proclaims he is working at those times, but Ruth suspects wrong conjectures. Ruth is dominated by Paul in her yielding persona towards him. Ruth is unsure if she even wants to take the secretary job her boss gives her. She reluctantly accepts in order to better her career. She is also victim to gossip she proclaims to her boss.The situation when her boss walks with her during lunch evidently means he has an obsession with Ruth. Though he likes Ruth, she cannot bring herself to commit adultery typed deeds. Even though her self-esteem is low she does not accept his flattery genuinely because of her own moral code. Flattery does not even help with her self-esteem issues. She is committed to her job and takes it seriously even though she awaits a call from Paul when she is at work. Ruth gets her work done and does not pay attention to the other women at her job because she is not focused on the idle topics of their gossip filled conversations.She is filled with information on their subjects. Ruth is the type of woman who is there for her husband even if he is not there for her and her endeavors. The relationship they have is lazy and needs reconstruction if there are hopes for it to persist. Ruth does her best to please Paul as far as cleaning and cooking. She tries to look good for him but no acknowledgment leads her to believe her actions are in vein. She often day dreams about past relationships compared to her relationship with Paul. She is always reminded of her dirty past, â€Å"She bawled at last: ‘Goddamit, I wish I had, I wish I had.I might as well of done it! ‘ Her father slapped her. Her brother gave her a look and said: ‘You dirty†¦ you dirty†¦ you black and dirty' † (382). Ruth hates her husband for not ending the tiring relationship and wishes them both dead. She smokes cigarettes because of her depression. The cigarettes may also symbolize her attempt to join her husband in a similar trait, to have something in common. Insecurities in Ruth’s life prevent her from being happy although she is married. Marriage does not hide the fact that two people are not happy; though she does attract attention from her boss Mr.Davis. She walks and has a conversation with him about life. She and Paul have tension between each other in an environmental way. Ruth thinks her relationship with Paul is heading to an end. | â€Å"She knew that he was going to leave her. It was in his walk, his talk, and his eyes. He wanted to go. He had already moved back, crouching to leap. And she had no rival. He was not going to another woman. He simply wanted to go. It would happen today, tomorrow, three weeks from today; it was over she could do nothing about it; neither could she save herself by umping first, She had no place to go, she only wanted him. She tried hard to want other men, and she was still young, only twenty-six, and there was no real lack of opportunity. But all she knew about other men was that they were not Paul. † (Baldwin 378) Ruth has many realizations in her life that include her past mistakes that she continues to make relationship wise; she picks the wrong guys In her own mind. The cycle stated with musician named Arthur, he is twenty years older than Ruth. She did not love him; she just couldn’t escape his domination.She also knew a merchant seaman who whored around a lot. She liked him but loneliness in him was like a cancer, which was unfit for intercourse. The difference or main difference between the two, Arthur and the seaman is the fact that Arthur offered more as in life and education. Paul is the only one she loves but does not know if he lo ves her anymore. She does not even know if she loves him. She cannot leave because he is her husband and she just cannot go through with the action. Ruth gives up so much in her life to please her man that characteristic prevents her from living in happiness. She was in a reckless, desperate state, like flight. She knew that she could not possibly go home to cook supper and wait in an empty apartment until Paul's key turned apartment door's lock (388). †Ã‚  Ã‚   Happiness does not follow Ruth though she has the chance to find it; she passes on it every time Ruth cannot function without a man ; that is why she is so dependent on them. She will never be at peace in life with her mind set and the way she carries herself. Self-esteem is important in a relationship but Ruth has non-to-little of that trait. Even when Mr.Davis her boss treats her with great respect in order to please and woo her; his attempts are flaunted by her dependent attitude towards Paul. The obvious assumption that Mr. Davis is better for her is evident. Her misfortunes are to continue if her dependent thoughts continue. Those actions will lead her nowhere in life and in her relationship. Ruth is a strange minded person who needs help to get over the man who shows no care for her which is Paul. | | Ruth is dependent on her husband Paul physically and mentally, which prevents her from moving on even though there is no love in the past relationship; seemingly. She did not want to be friends with him nor desire their friendship become anything more (Baldwin 387). † All of Ruth’s failures result from her family and their perception of her. She shows all the symptoms of depression in her house and life. Marriage is the step she takes to not be alone. Sexual Harassment can change a person’s thoughts on life and the struggles in it drastically. That can also influence what is in her life and the people she has in it. Ruth has had a rough life and there may not be any turning back from disaster. Ruth is alone as she sees in her mind.Ruth Bowman is a woman with much insecurity from past events that prevents her from moving on in life. She is a woman with many skills and talents. She has no love shown towards her by the person she wants to see it shown from. Ruth is mistakenly accused by her family and leaves out of despair. She is taken care of by an aspiring musician by the name of Arthur. Arthur provides her with education and flattery. She leaves Arthur and gets in a relationship with Paul whose love for her gets weak and eventually is not shown towards her. Mr. Davis, her boss, shows an obsession towards her as they walk and talk together.She wonders why Paul will not leave because it is evident that he shows no love towards her. Ruth wishes to profess her love, but acts as if everything is ok with she and Paul. Ruth acknowledges her role as a wife and succumbs to the domination of Paul, as well as, the other gentlemen that showed interest in her. Ru th is in a time period where men are the dominant humans while women’s ideals mean nothing. Ruth’s despair is what causes her depression other than her bad luck with men. She is the prime example of a woman guided by a man. Ruth has a kind heart, but that is not enough to keep her pleased.